GENERAL
Bird cucakrowo or cucakrawa is one member of the tribe merbah. Merbah also called cucak-cucakan (familia Pycnonotidae) is the warbler tribe of Africa and tropical Asia. These birds mostly have a melodious voice and songs are diverse, often become noisy jungle by his voice, especially in the mornings and evenings. In English, these birds are known as bulbuls.
Merbah originally in Malay refers to some kind of furry grim warbler in the bush, including the types of birds coney, Tepus, bentet and others. Here, for the sake of standardization of naming as used LIPI, merbah limited use to refer to the birds of the family Pycnonotidae. In addition called merbah, the birds of this tribe has several other common designation as cucak (Java); tempuruk, empuruk; tempulu ', empulu', pampulu, empuloh (various Malay in Sumatra and Kalimantan), and others.
Medium size, these birds usually are rather slim stature, short neck, and tail a little long. Often fine mustache.
Some species have bright colors: yellow, orange, red, on the chest, abdomen or the entire body. But most somber-colored olive brown, grayish or yellowish, with yellow, orange or red in the butt. Males and females similar in color.
Some with black on the head, which can digerak-crested move, or a white beard.
Merbah are primarily fruit-eating birds and insects. In the forest, most birds are happy to explore the bush and half-open forest, picking various fruits into small pieces and hunt insects. Although some prefer to stay on top of trees.
Often found in pairs or in groups, these birds are sometimes mixed with other types. Bustling shrill call each other.
Merbah make a nest on a tree or shrub, saucer of grass, petiole, or leaf, mixed with other fibers. Eggs 2-3 grains.
Variety of merbah
In Indonesia there are about 27 species, mainly concentrated its spread in the western part of Indonesia. Only two species that spread as far as the South Sulawesi, one of which is also found on Lombok. But both are expected to spread because it brought humans (feral, removable and breeding birds).
However, strangely there is one kind member of this tribe that spread is limited (endemic) in the islands around Sulawesi and the Moluccas, namely gold Brinji (Alophoixus (Hypsipetes) affinis). Even as life in the archipelago are isolated from each other for millions of years, this species has evolved into nine distinct subspecies.
Some examples of this in addition to members of the tribe merbah cucak rowo (Pycnonotus zeylanicus) is Cucak yellow (P. melanicterus), Cucak finches (P. aurigaster), Cucak mountain (P bimaculatus), Merbah cerukcuk (P. goiavier), Merbah shrubs (P. plumosus) and Empuloh beard (Alophoixus bres).
Commonly known as swamp cucak cucakrawa, cangkurawah (Sunda), and barau-barau (Malay). In English is called Straw-headed Bulbul, referring to the color of head pale yellow-straw. Scientific name is Pycnonotus zeylanicus (Gmelin, 1789).
Medium-sized birds, the total body length (measured from tip of beak to tip of tail) approximately 28 cm has a crown (the top side of the head) and earplugs orange-or yellow-pale straw; malar stripe on the side of the chin and a bridle lines across black eye. Olive-brown back streaked white streak, wings and tail greenish-brown or olive green. Chin and throat white or whitish; neck and chest gray-streaked white; gray belly, and rump yellow. Iris reddish eyes, black beak, and legs dark brown ..
+ CUCAKROWO HABITAT
As the name suggests, cucak commonly found in marshy bogs, and marshy swamps around the river, or on the edge of the forest. Often hiding behind foliage and a distinctive voice just audible.
The sound is heavier and harder than is generally cucak and merbah. Whistling clear, clear, rhythmic melodic raw. Often sounding bersahut-replication.
In nature, these birds prey on various insects, water snails, and various soft fruits such as fruit species of banyan trees.
Spread in the lowlands and hills in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra (including Nias), Borneo, and western Java. In West Java there are up to a height of 800 m above sea level., But now very rare due to poaching.
Is one of those birds that are very popular as pet birds, because the tunable kicauannya. In Java, this bird is very much shrunk because of the hunting population crowded since '80an.
The birds are traded in Java mostly imported from Sumatra and Kalimantan. Now in many parts of Sumatra island (eg in Jambi, along the Batang Bungo) population also continues to recede. Collar et al. (1994, in MacKinnon et al. 2000) classify the population into the swamp cucak vulnerable status. Similarly, the IUCN states that this bird status of Vulnerable (VU, Vulnerable). A description of more detailed conservation status can be viewed on the IUCN website below.
If no rescue is better than now, perhaps the next few years this bird is only a distant memory; residence mentioned in the song as the song Manuk Cucakrowo in Java.
+ FEATURES BY REGION OF ORIGIN
In general there is no difference in volume, bounce and types of sounds based on the origin / habitat. Cucakrowo Sumatra and Kalimantan, there is a good mentality tremendous volume, there is a thin voice, there is ropel and there's silence ordinary. Physically, cucakrowo Sumatran relatively larger area than from other islands. Nevertheless, the general body cucakrowo in Borneo that are in Malaysia, as cucakrowo bongsor bodied Sumatra.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MALE AND FEMALE +
Cucakrowo including monomorphic bird where there are no differences in physical characteristics are visible from the outside that distinguish between male birds and female birds. However, there are few benchmarks that can be used to determine the sex of birds cucakrowo by the breeder.
Physical Characteristics
Males: Head rounded, with colored feathers older, there appears to be a kind of feather parts; jaw more white hairs appear clean and bright; Fine wing backs and more gray, black and white stripes more apparent; The tail is longer and fused beak looks stronger and more robust and somewhat shrill thick; black lines under the eyes appear more clearly.
Females: The head is more flat, with lighter-colored fur, and no parts of feathers: Feather more dirty jaw, looked grayish white; black and white stripes are less clear; tail is shorter and a little bit fluffy; Part is more flat and inclined looks more beautiful; black lines under the eyes with a lighter color.
Viewing Behavior and Movement
Of behavior and movements, birds can be seen at once distinguished cucakrawa between males and females. Especially when cucakrawa been tamed and his movement have shown adsa freedom without fear.
Males: Movement is more aggressive, often jumped, as if to challenge and look bold; jeisnya When you see the opponent as if to seduce and make the movement attractive, while if the same type, as if to strike; lot of leg and body movements that seemed if to lift upward and downward tail; Head show looked upward movement with a movement that seemed daring and challenging accompanied by loud-pitched whistling call.
Females: slower movement and looks smooth; When you see the opposite sex will move their wings a little bit dikembangkan.paruh digerak open and move my tongue like a parent fed cucakrawa who ask; As he approached to voice a soft voice, dropping his body and tail slightly raised above; head is often bent or modestly ahead modestly parallel to the spine.
Heard from the voice
From his voice, the bird can be distinguished cucakrawa sexes, although it is necessary to dibituhkan time.
Males: More often deliver high dial tone, loud and shrill; Many variations of tone and rhythm is often played; When singing together or in pairs will lead the rhythm of the song.
Females: The voice sounded great and deep, as if he would give answers to the birds singing males; variation is more monotone voice and acted as if only followed; This comparison will be apparent again when the two birds, male and female, were brought near each other sautan bersaut chirping. But there is a female bird that could speak or ropel doble, so in this difficult to choose or decide between males and females.
Bird cucakrowo or cucakrawa is one member of the tribe merbah. Merbah also called cucak-cucakan (familia Pycnonotidae) is the warbler tribe of Africa and tropical Asia. These birds mostly have a melodious voice and songs are diverse, often become noisy jungle by his voice, especially in the mornings and evenings. In English, these birds are known as bulbuls.
Merbah originally in Malay refers to some kind of furry grim warbler in the bush, including the types of birds coney, Tepus, bentet and others. Here, for the sake of standardization of naming as used LIPI, merbah limited use to refer to the birds of the family Pycnonotidae. In addition called merbah, the birds of this tribe has several other common designation as cucak (Java); tempuruk, empuruk; tempulu ', empulu', pampulu, empuloh (various Malay in Sumatra and Kalimantan), and others.
Medium size, these birds usually are rather slim stature, short neck, and tail a little long. Often fine mustache.
Some species have bright colors: yellow, orange, red, on the chest, abdomen or the entire body. But most somber-colored olive brown, grayish or yellowish, with yellow, orange or red in the butt. Males and females similar in color.
Some with black on the head, which can digerak-crested move, or a white beard.
Merbah are primarily fruit-eating birds and insects. In the forest, most birds are happy to explore the bush and half-open forest, picking various fruits into small pieces and hunt insects. Although some prefer to stay on top of trees.
Often found in pairs or in groups, these birds are sometimes mixed with other types. Bustling shrill call each other.
Merbah make a nest on a tree or shrub, saucer of grass, petiole, or leaf, mixed with other fibers. Eggs 2-3 grains.
Variety of merbah
In Indonesia there are about 27 species, mainly concentrated its spread in the western part of Indonesia. Only two species that spread as far as the South Sulawesi, one of which is also found on Lombok. But both are expected to spread because it brought humans (feral, removable and breeding birds).
However, strangely there is one kind member of this tribe that spread is limited (endemic) in the islands around Sulawesi and the Moluccas, namely gold Brinji (Alophoixus (Hypsipetes) affinis). Even as life in the archipelago are isolated from each other for millions of years, this species has evolved into nine distinct subspecies.
Some examples of this in addition to members of the tribe merbah cucak rowo (Pycnonotus zeylanicus) is Cucak yellow (P. melanicterus), Cucak finches (P. aurigaster), Cucak mountain (P bimaculatus), Merbah cerukcuk (P. goiavier), Merbah shrubs (P. plumosus) and Empuloh beard (Alophoixus bres).
Commonly known as swamp cucak cucakrawa, cangkurawah (Sunda), and barau-barau (Malay). In English is called Straw-headed Bulbul, referring to the color of head pale yellow-straw. Scientific name is Pycnonotus zeylanicus (Gmelin, 1789).
Medium-sized birds, the total body length (measured from tip of beak to tip of tail) approximately 28 cm has a crown (the top side of the head) and earplugs orange-or yellow-pale straw; malar stripe on the side of the chin and a bridle lines across black eye. Olive-brown back streaked white streak, wings and tail greenish-brown or olive green. Chin and throat white or whitish; neck and chest gray-streaked white; gray belly, and rump yellow. Iris reddish eyes, black beak, and legs dark brown ..
+ CUCAKROWO HABITAT
As the name suggests, cucak commonly found in marshy bogs, and marshy swamps around the river, or on the edge of the forest. Often hiding behind foliage and a distinctive voice just audible.
The sound is heavier and harder than is generally cucak and merbah. Whistling clear, clear, rhythmic melodic raw. Often sounding bersahut-replication.
In nature, these birds prey on various insects, water snails, and various soft fruits such as fruit species of banyan trees.
Spread in the lowlands and hills in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra (including Nias), Borneo, and western Java. In West Java there are up to a height of 800 m above sea level., But now very rare due to poaching.
Is one of those birds that are very popular as pet birds, because the tunable kicauannya. In Java, this bird is very much shrunk because of the hunting population crowded since '80an.
The birds are traded in Java mostly imported from Sumatra and Kalimantan. Now in many parts of Sumatra island (eg in Jambi, along the Batang Bungo) population also continues to recede. Collar et al. (1994, in MacKinnon et al. 2000) classify the population into the swamp cucak vulnerable status. Similarly, the IUCN states that this bird status of Vulnerable (VU, Vulnerable). A description of more detailed conservation status can be viewed on the IUCN website below.
If no rescue is better than now, perhaps the next few years this bird is only a distant memory; residence mentioned in the song as the song Manuk Cucakrowo in Java.
+ FEATURES BY REGION OF ORIGIN
In general there is no difference in volume, bounce and types of sounds based on the origin / habitat. Cucakrowo Sumatra and Kalimantan, there is a good mentality tremendous volume, there is a thin voice, there is ropel and there's silence ordinary. Physically, cucakrowo Sumatran relatively larger area than from other islands. Nevertheless, the general body cucakrowo in Borneo that are in Malaysia, as cucakrowo bongsor bodied Sumatra.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MALE AND FEMALE +
Cucakrowo including monomorphic bird where there are no differences in physical characteristics are visible from the outside that distinguish between male birds and female birds. However, there are few benchmarks that can be used to determine the sex of birds cucakrowo by the breeder.
Physical Characteristics
Males: Head rounded, with colored feathers older, there appears to be a kind of feather parts; jaw more white hairs appear clean and bright; Fine wing backs and more gray, black and white stripes more apparent; The tail is longer and fused beak looks stronger and more robust and somewhat shrill thick; black lines under the eyes appear more clearly.
Females: The head is more flat, with lighter-colored fur, and no parts of feathers: Feather more dirty jaw, looked grayish white; black and white stripes are less clear; tail is shorter and a little bit fluffy; Part is more flat and inclined looks more beautiful; black lines under the eyes with a lighter color.
Viewing Behavior and Movement
Of behavior and movements, birds can be seen at once distinguished cucakrawa between males and females. Especially when cucakrawa been tamed and his movement have shown adsa freedom without fear.
Males: Movement is more aggressive, often jumped, as if to challenge and look bold; jeisnya When you see the opponent as if to seduce and make the movement attractive, while if the same type, as if to strike; lot of leg and body movements that seemed if to lift upward and downward tail; Head show looked upward movement with a movement that seemed daring and challenging accompanied by loud-pitched whistling call.
Females: slower movement and looks smooth; When you see the opposite sex will move their wings a little bit dikembangkan.paruh digerak open and move my tongue like a parent fed cucakrawa who ask; As he approached to voice a soft voice, dropping his body and tail slightly raised above; head is often bent or modestly ahead modestly parallel to the spine.
Heard from the voice
From his voice, the bird can be distinguished cucakrawa sexes, although it is necessary to dibituhkan time.
Males: More often deliver high dial tone, loud and shrill; Many variations of tone and rhythm is often played; When singing together or in pairs will lead the rhythm of the song.
Females: The voice sounded great and deep, as if he would give answers to the birds singing males; variation is more monotone voice and acted as if only followed; This comparison will be apparent again when the two birds, male and female, were brought near each other sautan bersaut chirping. But there is a female bird that could speak or ropel doble, so in this difficult to choose or decide between males and females.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar